Painting Under the Ottomans

The books that people used in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries were different from those used today.  Ottoman books, which are also called manuscripts, were written by hand.  In addition to the text, artists decorated the pages with illustrations.  A page of a book was generally not more than the size of a sheet of notebook paper.  So the details were painted with care and meticulous labor.  It is in these pages that one can get a glimpse of what life was like in the Ottoman court and how high society interacted with the ruler.


The Suleyman Nama, a book tracing the geneology of Suleyman, has several illustrations showing life in the court.  It was common practice for the Ottoman rulers, as well as those of the Mughal, Safavid, and other Muslim dynasties, to create such works to legitimize their right to rule.  In books such as the Suleyman Nama the illustrations show scenes that glorify the ruler to prove that he was the righful leader. 
Accession of Suleyman, a page from the Suleyman Nama, shows Suleyman as he is recognized as the new ruler (dated 1558).  The arrangement of the figures and the headgear that each wears shows each individual's role in the court.  The turbans with the red batons were worn by the Janissary, the elite members of the military.  Suleyman is shown larger than the others and without emotion.  He sits stiffly at a distance.   This behavior was typical for the Ottoman rulers.  While Shah 'Abbas, a Safavid ruler, spent time walking among his people, Suleyman viewed himself as the second Solomon (an ancient king known for his greatness) and kept distance between himself and his subjects.
 
The Presentation of Gifts by the Safavid Ambassador Shahquli to Selim II in 1567 from the Shahnama-yi Salim Khan, 1581, also shows the formality of the Ottoman court.  Here the Safavid ambassador is depicted being held immobile before the sultan while the gifts that he is presenting are carried to the Selim II, the ruler. 
 
 
 


How do these illustrations typify the art of an empire?  How were they used by the empire?  Is this similar to painting in other empires?  How are the paintings specific to the Ottomans?

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  ©1998.  Created by Jennifer Roberson.  Last updated 6/12/98.